Integrated Care; Health Homes Definition
Purpose
Adults and children who receive integrated care experience improved healthcare quality, improved care experience, and improved clinical and non-clinical outcomes.Definition
Behavioral health providers can offer integrated care by fully integrating primary care into their existing program, establishing written agreements with a primary care provider that is located on-site, or establishing written agreements with a primary care provider that is located in the community.
One common model for providing integrated care is the Medicaid health home, which was established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) to coordinate health care for adults and children with chronic conditions.
The health home is a central point of contact responsible for facilitating access to and systematically coordinating a person’s behavioral, medical, and oral health care while linking them to needed community and social support services. Health homes are only available to individuals who meet specific eligibility criteria and include the following services:
- comprehensive care management;
- care coordination and health promotion;
- comprehensive transitional care, including appropriate follow-up from inpatient to other settings;
- individual and family support;
- referral to community and social support services, as applicable; and
- the use of health information technology (HIT) to link services.
Note: Throughout the PA-ICHH standards, family involvement has been emphasized due to the significant impact family engagement can have on resilience and recovery. However, family should be defined by the person and their involvement will vary given the age and preferences of the person and as permitted by law.
For example, due to the importance of family involvement in achieving positive outcomes for children, all aspects of service delivery should be family-driven when working with this population, accounting for the dynamics of the family and the needs of the child.
Note: Please see the PA-ICHH Reference List for the research that informed the development of these standards.
Note: For information about changes made in the 2020 Edition, please see the ICHH Crosswalk.
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 1: Person-Centered Logic Model
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 1.01
- needs the program will address;
- available human, financial, agency, and community resources (i.e. inputs);
- program activities intended to bring about desired results;
- program outputs (i.e. the size and scope of services delivered);
- desired outcomes (i.e. the changes you expect to see in individuals and families); and
- expected long-term impact on the agency, community, and/or system.
Examples: Information that may be used to inform the development of the program logic model includes, but is not limited to:
- characteristics of the service population;
- needs assessments and periodic reassessments; and
- the best available evidence of service effectiveness.
PA-ICHH 1.02
- change in clinical status;
- change in functional status;
- health, welfare, and safety;
- permanency of life situation;
- quality of life;
- achievement of individual service goals;
- access to needed health care and social services;
- treatment adherence and self-management of chronic conditions; and
- other outcomes as appropriate to the program or service population.
Interpretation: Outcomes data should be disaggregated to identify patterns of disparity or inequity that can be masked by aggregate data reporting. See PA-PQI 5.02 for more information on disaggregating data to track and monitor identified outcomes.
- body mass index;
- screening for clinical depression;
- hospital admissions and readmissions;
- emergency room visits;
- skilled nursing facility admissions;
- initiation and engagement of alcohol and other drug use treatment;
- tobacco use;
- appointment attendance; and
- measures related to chronic medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and asthma) including symptom control.
- body mass index;
- immunization status;
- well-child visits;
- school attendance;
- placement disruptions in child welfare;
- juvenile justice recidivism;
- residential placements;
- hospital admissions and readmissions;
- measures related to chronic conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and ADHD; and
- other clinical and functional outcomes found on standardized, child-oriented tools such as the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS).
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 2: Personnel
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 2.01
- effectively communicating and coordinating care across disciplines, systems, and services;
- applicable evidence-based or culturally-relevant, evidence-supported practices;
- physical health issues and social factors commonly associated with mental health or substance use conditions;
- health conditions and treatment responses particular to the service population;
- chronic disease management, including promoting self-management;
- developing person- or family-centered care plans; and
- using health information technology to link services and facilitate collaboration among providers, the person, and their family.
PA-ICHH 2.02
- clearly defines their roles and responsibilities;
- includes peer support staff as equal partners on the care planning team;
- helps other program personnel understand the position and its purpose at the program;
- establishes guidelines for recruitment and selection;
- ensures peer support staff are trained to perform their roles and responsibilities;
- provides ongoing support and supervision to address any issues that occur, including helping peer support staff manage personal triggers that may arise on the job; and
- facilitates opportunities for peer support staff to connect and consult with others performing similar roles.
Agencies may also use other terms to refer to peer support staff such as peer support specialists, recovery coaches, peer navigators, peer/family partners, parent peer specialists, youth advocates, family advocates, family mentors, and/or family liaisons.
PA-ICHH 2.03
- assigning the care planning team at intake or early in the contact; and
- minimizing the number of workers assigned to the individual or family during their contact with the agency.
PA-ICHH 2.04
- the qualifications, competencies, and experience of the worker including the level of supervision needed;
- services provided by other professionals or team members;
- the work and time required to accomplish assigned tasks and job responsibilities; and
- service volume, accounting for the assessed level of needs of individuals and families.
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 3: Administrative Practices
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A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 3.01
PA-ICHH 3.02
The agency clearly defines for its stakeholders:
- the scope of services offered directly by the agency;
- how information will be shared both internally and externally among collaborating providers; and
- the nature of the relationship that exists between providers when direct services are provided through contract or other agreement between separate legal entities.
PA-ICHH 3.03
The agency uses health information technologies to:
- capture physical health, behavioral health, and community and social support information;
- link services including shared access to the person's health information and effective communication across disciplines, systems, and services;
- organize, track, and analyze critical program information or data including referrals and needed follow-up, engagement or participation in services, and progress in treatment;
- satisfy applicable reporting requirements; and
- support billing and other administrative functions.
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 4: Intake and Assessment
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 4.01
- how well their request matches the agency’s services; and
- what services will be available and when.
PA-ICHH 4.02
- gather information necessary to identify critical service needs and/or determine when a more intensive service is necessary;
- identify emergency situations and facilitate immediate access to stabilization and harm reduction activities;
- give priority to urgent needs including access to expedited assessment and care planning;
- support timely initiation of services for routine needs; and
- provide for placement on a waiting list or timely referral to appropriate resources when people cannot be served or cannot be served promptly.
PA-ICHH 4.03
Interpretation: The Assessment Matrix - Private, Public, Canadian, Network determines which level of assessment is required for COA Accreditation’s Service Sections. The assessment elements of the Matrix can be tailored according to the needs and preferences of specific individuals and service design.
PA-ICHH 4.04
- social factors that may influence overall health including housing instability, food insecurity, unemployment, financial insecurity, social supports, systems involvement, and any other factors known to be impacting individuals and families;
- the person's behavioral health, physical health, and community and social support service needs and goals;
- history of trauma;
- risk of suicide, self-injury, withdrawal or overdose, neglect, exploitation, and violence towards others;
- individual and family values, preferences, strengths, risks, and protective factors; and
- the impact of the individual’s health care needs on the family unit.
PA-ICHH 4.05
- medical and/or clinical case records;
- the results of screening tools; and
- relevant content from assessments.
- gaps in information;
- out-of-date information; and
- information that can be used to minimize duplication of effort.
PA-ICHH 4.06
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 5: Care Planning and Monitoring
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 5.01
- the person's behavioral health, physical health, and community and social support service needs and goals, including those related to social factors impacting their overall health and wellbeing;
- steps for working toward the achievement of desired goals including timeframes where appropriate;
- services and supports to be provided, and by whom;
- agreed upon timelines for conducting regular case reviews; and
- documentation of the individual’s or family’s participation in care planning.
PA-ICHH 5.02
- is individualized and centered around strengths;
- identifies individualized warning signs of a crisis;
- identifies coping strategies and sources of support that can be implemented during a suicidal crisis, as appropriate;
- specifies interventions that may or may not be implemented to help the individual or family de-escalate and promote stabilization; and
- does not include “no-suicide” or “no-harm” contracts.
Interpretation: For agencies serving children and youth, when safety issues are identified, the agency:
- involves supervisory personnel in reviewing safety concerns and plans; and
- reports safety concerns following mandated reporting requirements
Examples: Components of a safety plan can also include: internal coping strategies, socialization strategies for distraction and support, family and social contacts for assistance, professional and agency contacts, and lethal means restriction.
Examples: Warning signs for people assessed as being at high risk for suicide can include a missed appointment or significant change in status, and personnel may conduct active outreach and service engagement strategies such as phone calls, text messages, or home visits until contact is made.
Examples: Safety plans may look different depending on the specific needs of the individual or family. For example, safety plans for survivors of domestic violence may focus on helping people prepare for immediate escape, while safety plans for people at risk for suicide may address coping strategies and sources of support, such as socialization strategies for distraction and support, family and social contacts for assistance, professional and agency contacts, and lethal means restriction. Agencies may also provide family members with information on crisis prevention. For example, Mental Health First Aid is a one-day training that can prepare someone to recognize, understand, and respond to a person’s mental health crisis.
PA-ICHH 5.03
- determine the continued accuracy of the assessment;
- assess care plan implementation;
- evaluate the person’s continued engagement in their treatment;
- review progress toward achieving goals and desired outcomes; and
- determine the continuing appropriateness of agreed-upon service goals.
PA-ICHH 5.04
- are determined collaboratively by the individual or family and the care coordinator;
- consider the issues, preferences, and needs of the person; and
- align with the frequency and intensity of services provided.
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 6: Care Coordination
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 6.01
The care planning team includes at a minimum:
- a designated care coordinator with qualifications appropriate to the needs of the identified service population;
- a primary care professional such as a physician’s assistant or nurse practitioner with access to a physician for needed consultation;
- a behavioral health professional such as a social worker, psychologist, or other licensed clinician with access to a psychiatrist for needed consultation;
- the individual or family; and
- other providers and supports based on the needs and preferences of the individual.
PA-ICHH 6.02
PA-ICHH 6.03
The agency facilitates access to the full array of community and social support, behavioral health care, and physical health care services by:
- establishing partnerships and coordination procedures with direct service providers in the community;
- establishing communication procedures with individuals and families and across disciplines, both internally and externally;
- maintaining a comprehensive, up-to-date referral list;
- removing barriers to the initiation of needed services including taking advantage of telehealth services to increase access to needed specialists;
- providing a warm hand off whenever possible when linking the individual to needed services; and
- assisting the person with system navigation.
- preventative and health promotion services;
- mental health and substance use services;
- comprehensive care management, care coordination, and transitional care;
- chronic disease management, including self-management;
- recovery services;
- housing, entitlement, vocational, and other community and social support services;
- peer support services; and
- long-term care supports and services.
PA-ICHH 6.04
Individuals and families are assisted in making appointments for needed or requested services, and the care coordinator follows up to:
- ensure the service was received;
- identify any needed follow-up; and
- make needed changes to the care plan in partnership with the individual or family.
PA-ICHH 6.05
The care coordinator supports smooth transitions between care settings by:
- coordinating information sharing and service provision with providers and the person;
- developing, or supporting the development of, a comprehensive discharge or transition plan with steps for follow-up;
- providing expedited discharge planning and follow-up when suicide or overdose risk are present; and
- facilitating face-to-face interactions between providers, whenever possible.
Examples: Admission-Discharge Transfer (ADT) systems embedded in electronic health records are an effective way to manage movement between healthcare facilities and ensure continuity of care and the efficient transfer of relevant health information between care providers.
PA-ICHH 6.06
The agency:
- conducts medication reconciliation and adherence; or
- tracks that it is being done by another provider as part of their care coordination activities.
PA-ICHH 6.07
Care coordination activities include:
- linkages to community providers as well as completed follow-up;
- communication with partnering providers both internally and externally; and
- communication with individuals and families.
Integrated Care; Health Homes (PA-ICHH) 7: Health Promotion
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-ICHH 7.01
PA-ICHH 7.02
When choosing or designing health promotion activities, the agency considers:
- individual characteristics, abilities, and preferences; and
- evidence-based or culturally-relevant, evidence-supported practices and concepts.
PA-ICHH 7.03
PA-ICHH 7.04
Services promote self-advocacy and independence by:
- connecting individuals and families to informal support systems in their community; and
- educating individuals and families on where to access needed services.